Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de personas con enfermedad renal crónica y sus
familiares allegados al enfrentarse a la búsqueda y elección de donador vivo
relacionado. Material y método: Estudio cualitativo de carácter descriptivo.
Participaron 14 personas, de los cuales 9 buscaban un trasplante renal y 5 eran
familiares allegados, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas durante
septiembre 2019 a mayo 2020, las cuales fueron analizadas bajo procedimientos
básicos de análisis cualitativo propuestos desde la teoría fundamentada.
Resultados: Se identificaron 7 categorías, las cuales se dividieron en dos
dimensiones, experiencias y estrategias. Los participantes refieren desconocer del
trasplante de donador vivo como un tratamiento para la enfermedad renal crónica y
vivir bajo una amenaza constante de morir o agravar; se considera la donación como
un regalo que salva la vida, el cual debe ser realizado lo antes posible. Ante ese
escenario, los participantes refieren buscar el mayor apoyo para realizar el
trasplante, prepararse para estar en condiciones que les permitan realizarlo y buscar
activar diversos mecanismos o estrategias dentro del sistema de salud para acceder
a sus necesidades. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos apuntan: 1) la necesidad de
brindar acompañamiento emocional, ante la amenaza constante que experimentan
los participantes, 2) la necesidad de organizar los servicios para acortar la carrera
contra el tiempo que experimentan los participantes durante su búsqueda de
trasplante y disminuir costos, y 3) las inequidades que enfrentan los participantes
los orillan a buscar maneras de agilizar su acceso aunque se encuentren en los
límites de las normativas de las instituciones de salud.
Objective: To describe the experience of people with chronic kidney disease and
their close relatives when facing the search and choice of a related living donor, to
identify the strategies they use and the problems and obstacles they face. Material
and method: Qualitative descriptive study. 14 people participated, of which 9 were
seeking a kidney transplant and 5 were close relatives, semi-structured interviews
were carried out during September 2019 to May 2020, which were analyzed under
basic procedures proposed from grounded theory. Results: Seven categories were
identified, which were divided into two dimensions, experiences and strategies. The
participants refer to not being aware of living donor transplantation as a treatment
for chronic kidney disease and living under constant threat of death or aggravation,
where donation is considered a life-saving gift, which must be made as soon as
possible. Faced with this scenario, the participants refer to seeking the greatest
support to carry out the transplant, preparing to be in a position to allow them to
perform it, and seeking ways for the health system to respond to their needs, even
if this is within the limits of the norms. Conclusions: The findings point to: 1) the
need to provide emotional support, faced with the constant threat experienced by
the participants, 2) the need to organize services to shorten the race against time
experienced by participants during their transplant search and reduce costs, and 3)
the inequities faced by the participants drive them to look for ways to speed up their
access even if they are within the limits of the regulations of health institutions.